Ancient
The Meditations
Marcus Aurelius wrote Meditations in Greek while on campaign between 170 and 180, as a source for his own guidance and self-improvement. The…
The Republic
The Republic is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato around 380 BC concerning the definition of justice and the order and character of the j…
The Republic
The Republic is a Socratic dialogue by Plato, written in approximately 380 BC. It is one of the most influential works of philosophy and pol…
Apology of Socrates
The Apology of Socrates is Plato's version of the speech given by Socrates as he unsuccessfully defended himself in 399 BC against the charg…
The City of God
Rome having been stormed and sacked by the Goths under Alaric their king, the worshippers of false gods, or pagans, as we commonly call them…
The Sayings of Confucius
The Sayings of Confucius presents a collection of dialogues that explore the foundational principles of Confucianism through the teachings o…
Politics
The Politics, by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, is one of the most influential texts in political philosophy. In it, Aristotle exp…
The Kama Sutra
The Kama Sutra, or Aphorisms on Love, has survived at least 1400 years as a dominant text on sexual relations between men and women. Vatsyay…
Apologie de Socrate
« Je ne sais, Athéniens, quelle impression mes accusateurs ont faite sur vous. Pour moi, en les entendant, peu s’en est fallu q…
The Symposium
The Symposium (Ancient Greek: Συμπόσιον) is a philosophical book written by Plato sometime after 385 BCE. On one level the book deals with t…
The Nicomachean Ethics
The Nicomachean Ethics is Aristotle's foundational text on ethics, exploring the nature of the good life and the virtues necessary for achie…
Stoicism
This short book is part of the Philosophies Ancient and Modern series, which attempts to make Western philosophy more accessible to the gene…
The Apology of Socrates
Plato's account of Socrates' defense at his trial for "corrupting the youth" is a classic summation of his teacher's life and miss…
The Golden Sayings of Epictetus
The Golden Sayings of Epictetus presents a collection of profound aphorisms from the Stoic philosopher Epictetus, whose teachings have influ…
The Analects of Confucius
The Analects, or Lunyu, also known as the Analects of Confucius, are considered a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinke…
Meno
Meno (Ancient Greek: Μένων) is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato. Written in the Socratic dialectic style, it attempts to determine the d…
The Book of Lieh-Tzu
The Book of Lieh-Tzu offers a unique glimpse into ancient Chinese philosophy, presenting a collection of stories and teachings attributed to…
On the Heavens
On the Heavens (Greek: Περί ουρανού, Latin: De Caelo or De Caelo et Mundo) is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise. In it Aristotle argue…
Phaedrus
“For there is no light of justice or temperance, or any of the higher ideas which are precious to souls, in the earthly copies of them: they…
Euthyphro
Awaiting his trial on charges of impiety and heresy, Socrates encounters Euthyphro, a self-proclaimed authority on matters of piety and the …