Geoffrey Edwards

An Essay on the Principle of Population

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Thomas Malthus



The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man. Population, when unchecked, incr…

Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

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George Berkeley



Berkeley uses Hylas as his primary contemporary philosophical adversary, John Locke. A Hylas is featured in Greek mythology and the name Hyl…

The Symposium

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Plato



The Symposium (Ancient Greek: Συμπόσιον) is a philosophical book written by Plato sometime after 385 BCE. On one level the book deals with t…

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

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Ludwig Wittgenstein



Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is the only book-length philosophical work published by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein during h…

The Nicomachean Ethics

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Aristotle



The work consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes said to be from his lectures at the Lyce…

Rhetoric

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Aristotle



The Rhetoric was developed by Aristotle during two periods when he was in Athens, the first between 367 to 347 BCE (when he was seconded to …

Categories

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Aristotle



Categories (Lat. Categoriae, Greek Κατηγορίαι Katēgoriai) is the first of Aristotle's six texts on logic which are collectively known as the…

On Interpretation

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Aristotle



Aristotle's On Interpretation (Greek Περὶ Ἑρμηνείας or Peri Hermeneias) or De Interpretatione (the Latin title) is the second of Aristotle's…

Prior Analytics

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Aristotle



Prior Analytics is the third of Aristotle's six texts on logic which are collectively known as the Organon ("Instrument"). In Prio…

Posterior Analytics

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Aristotle



Posterior Analytics is the fourth of Aristotle's six texts on logic which are collectively known as the Organon ("Instrument"). Po…

Topics

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Aristotle



The Topics is is the fifth of Aristotle's six texts on logic which are collectively known as the Organon ("Instrument"). The Topic…

Sophistical Elenchi

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Aristotle



The Sophistical Elenchi is the sixth of Aristotle's six texts on logic which are collectively known as the Organon ("Instrument").…

Metaphysics

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Aristotle



Metaphysics (Ancient Greek: ΜΕΤΑ ΤΑ ΦΥΣΙΚΑ; Latin: METAPHYSICA; English: After the Physics) discusses topics including substance, accident, …

De Anima

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Aristotle



On the Soul (Greek Περὶ Ψυχῆς (Perì Psūchês), Latin De Anima) is a major treatise by Aristotle on the nature of living things. …

Parva Naturalia

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Aristotle



Parva Naturalia [the "short treatises on nature" (a conventional Latin title first used by Giles of Rome)] is a collection of book…

On the Heavens

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Aristotle



On the Heavens (Greek: Περί ουρανού, Latin: De Caelo or De Caelo et Mundo) is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise. In it Aristotle argue…

On Generation and Corruption

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Aristotle



On Generation and Corruption (Ancient Greek: Περὶ γενέσεως καὶ φθορᾶς, Latin: De Generatione et Corruptione, also known as On Coming to Be a…

Laws

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Plato



Laws (Greek: Νόμοι) is Plato's last and longest dialogue. It is generally agreed that Plato wrote this dialogue as an older man, having fail…

On the Laws

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Marcus Tullius Cicero



On the Laws (Latin: De Legibus) was written shortly after Cicero's "On the Commonwealth" during the last years of the Roman Republ…

On the Nature of the Gods

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Marcus Tullius Cicero



De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods) outlines Stoic, Epicurean and Academic (Skeptical) views on religious questions. Problems discu…

Physics

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Aristotle



Physics (Greek: Φυσικὴ ἀκρόασις; Latin: Physica, or Physicae Auscultationes) discusses concepts including: substance, accident, the infinite…

The Constitution of Athens

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Aristotle



The Constitution of Athens (Greek: Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία) was written by Aristotle or his student. The text was lost until discovered in the lat…

Eudemian Ethics

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Aristotle



Eudemian Ethics (Greek: ΗΘΙΚΩΝ ΕΥΔΗΜΙΩΝ Latin: ETHICA EUDEMIA) discusses topics including virtue, friendship, happiness and God. It is belie…

Magna Moralia

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Aristotle



Magna Moralia (Ancient Greek: ΗΟΙΚΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΩΝ, English: Great Ethics) discusses topics including friendship, virtue, happiness and God. It is…

Parmenides

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Plato



Parmenides (Ancient Greek: ΠΑΡΜΕΝΙΔΗΣ) recounts a meeting between Socrates, Zeno and Parmenides. Topics discussed include universals, plural…

Theaetetus

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Plato



Theaetetus (Ancient Greek: Θεαίτητος) discusses concepts including perception, true judgment and knowledge. Socrates compares the human mind…

Sophist

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Plato



Sophist (Ancient Greek: Σοφιστής) discusses being and not-being while drawing a distinction between the philosopher and the sophist. - Summa…

Statesman

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Plato



Statesman (Ancient Greek: Πολιτικός) discusses God's role in maintaining the universe and describes the statesman as a good shepherd who pro…

Philebus

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Plato



Philebus (ΦΙΛΗΒΟΣ) discusses pleasure, wisdom, soul and God. (Summary by Geoffrey Edwards)

Charmides

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Plato



Charmides (Χαρμίδης) discusses the virtue of temperance. (Summary by Geoffrey Edwards)

Lysis

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Plato



Lysis (Λύσις) discusses friendship and love between the good and bad. (Summary by Geoffrey Edwards)

Laches

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Plato



Laches (Λάχης) discusses examples of courage including weapons masters, soldiers who stand firm in battle, ferocious animals and the wise pe…

Euthydemus

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Plato



Euthydemus (Εὐθύδημος) and Dionysodorus the sophists discuss the meaning of words with Socrates. (Summary by Geoffrey Edwards)

Menexenus

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Plato



Menexenus (ΜΕΝΕΞΕΝΟΣ) is thought to have been written by Plato (ΠΛΑΤΩΝ). The dialogue consists of Socrates (ΣΩΚΡΑΤΗΣ) recounting a funeral o…

Eryxias

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Plato



Eryxias (ΕΡΥΞΙΑΣ) may not have been written by Plato (ΠΛΑΤΩΝ). The dialogue discusses whether wealth has value and what the aim of philosoph…

Cratylus

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Plato



Cratylus (ΚΡΑΤΥΛΟΣ) discusses whether things have names by mere convention or have true names which can only be correctly applied to the obj…

Economics

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Aristotle



Economics (Greek: ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΑ; Latin: Oeconomica) may not have been written by Aristotle. The author provides examples of methods used by the…

Opuscula

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Aristotle



Opuscula is a collection of shorter books that may or may not have been written by Aristotle.1. On Colours2. On Things Heard3. Physiognomoni…

On the Ends of Good and Evil

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Marcus Tullius Cicero



On the Ends of Good and Evil (Latin: DE FINIBUS BONORUM ET MALORUM) discusses Skeptic, Epicurean, Stoic, Peripatetic and Academic views on t…

On Duties

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Marcus Tullius Cicero



On Duties (Latin: DE OFFICIIS) discusses virtue, expediency and apparent conflicts between the two. St. Ambrose, St. Jerome and other Doctor…

Tusculan Disputations

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Marcus Tullius Cicero



Tusculan Disputations (Latin: TUSCULANARUM DISPUTATIONUM) is divided into five books which discuss death, pain, grief, perturbations and vir…

Apocrypha

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Plato



It is not generally agreed whether Plato was the author of any of these books. I. Hippias Major (or Greater Hippias)II. Second Alcibiades (…

Enneads

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Plotinus and Porphyry



The six Enneads (ΕΝΝΕΑΔΕΣ) are the collected writings of the Neoplatonic philosopher Plotinus (ΠΛΩΤΙΝΟΣ) arranged by his student Porphyry (Π…

On the Parts of Animals

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Aristotle



On the Parts of Animals (Greek: ΠΕΡΙ ΖΩΩΝ ΜΟΡΙΩΝ; Latin: De Partibus Animalium) by Aristotle (ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΗΣ). The first book asks whether anim…

Elements of Theology

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Proclus



The Elements of Theology (ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΩΣΙΣ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ) was written by the Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus (ΠΡΟΚΛΟΣ) and translated by Thoma…

The Six Books of Proclus, the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato

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Proclus and Thomas Taylor



The Six books of Proclus, the Platonic successor, on The Theology of Plato (Greek: ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΠΛΑΤΩΝΑ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ; Latin: Theologia Platoni…

History of Animals

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Aristotle



(Greek: Τῶν περὶ τὰ ζῷα ἱστοριῶν, Ton peri ta zoia historion, "Inquiries on Animals"; Latin: Historia Animalium, "History of …

Movement & Progression of Animals

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Aristotle



Movement of Animals (or On the Motion of Animals; Greek Περὶ ζῴων κινήσεως; Latin De Motu Animalium) begins with a discussion of the physics…

Generation of Animals

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Aristotle



Generation of Animals (or On the Generation of Animals; Greek: Περὶ ζῴων γενέσεως (Peri Zoion Geneseos); Latin: De Generatione Animalium) Bo…

Diamond Sutra and Heart Sutra

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Unknowntranslated Bywilliam Gemmellandsamuel Beal and Translated Bywilliam Gemmellandsamuel Beal



The Diamond Sutra is a Mahāyāna (Buddhist) sutra from the genre of Prajñāpāramitā ('perfection of wisdom') sutras. The Diamond Sūtra …

Meteorology, On the Universe & On Breath

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Aristotle



Meteorology (Greek: Μετεωρολογικά; Latin: Meteorologica or Meteora) by Aristotle Translated by Erwin Wentworth Webster before he fell in act…

Rhetoric to Alexander & On Virtues and Vices

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Aristotle



Rhetoric to Alexander (Latin: Rhetorica ad Alexandrum; Ancient Greek: Τέχνη ῥητορική) is attributed to Aristotle but may have been written b…

Lotus Sutra

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Unknowntranslated Byhendrik Kern



The Lotus Sutra is venerated by the Tiantai (天台), Huayan (華嚴), Pure Land (淨土宗), Chan (禪), Cheontae (천태종), Seon (선), Jogye (대한불교조계종), Taego (…

The Guide for the Perplexed, Part 3

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Moses Maimonides



The Guide for the Perplexed, Part 3 (Arabic: دلالة الحائرين Dalālat al-ḥā'irīn דלאלת אלחאירין; Hebrew: מורה נבוכים Moreh Nevuchim) by Rabbi …